These sessions of exposure to UV rays are usually performed in specialized centers that provide customers tanning booths for aesthetic purposes, but not always warn users of the risks involved in such practice.

Meanwhile the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, in a recent publication by the journal Lancet Oncology, found that the use of tanning parlors may increase the risk of developing cancer by 75 percent, saying they were more dangerous than previously thought, particularly in children and youth.

The IARC report came after scientists from nine countries met in June to reassess the risks of cancer that generate different types of radiation. WHO has established that it recommends the use of tanning booths for cosmetic purposes.

Today tanning beds are manufactured with higher levels of UVB to mimic the sun and accelerate the tanning process, which represents an increased risk of cancer.

Some European Union countries and U.S. states regulate the practice, sometimes even coming to prohibit use of these devices to adolescents or require the consent of parents or physician. In some places it is ordered, indicating the danger implied by this exposure to health.

Despite threatening to health, tanning beds are still used as the most sensible in such cases would reduce the number of exposures and use the goods bronzing skin hydrated and protected, as must be done with sun exposure.

Whether you already have or want to avoid their occurrence, these suggestions are the best measures to prevent stains on the skin caused by sun exposure.

- As said before, it is essential to use sunscreens or moisturizers with an SPF of above 30 and broad spectrum, not just when we go to the beach if not every time we expose to sunlight, especially during the summer and winter.

- Avoid taking antibiotics combined with the use of UVA or prolonged sun making.

- Do not apply perfumes in exposed areas like the face or neck, and that his contact with sunlight can cause unwanted pigmentation.

- Any makeup and cosmetic moisturizer or irritating cleaning should be suspended because the stains worse.

- Finally it should be noted that we should avoid self-medication at any time, any stain should be examined by the dermatologist to identify their origin and determine the best way to treat it is important to follow their instructions for maximum therapeutic benefit and avoid irrtaciones or complications of the skin which may worsen.

The first thing to do is to distinguish what type of stain has appeared on the skin, the ideal is to go to a doctor for a diagnosis for finding the most appropriate treatment.

Once the dermatologist has established the type of stain, tailor treatment to the characteristics of the patient’s skin (type of stain, sensitivity and skin color). Autumn and winter are the best seasons to do it because it lowers the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

The photoresist is recommended in all cases, use sunscreens or moisturizers that contain SPF of not less than 30, broad spectrum (UVA and UVB), titanium oxide or zinc oxide to block visible light also obscuring the spots.

This preventive measure is not sufficient in cases where one can not help the cause of the appearance of sunspots, such as pregnancy or menopause, which must escape the sun as much as possible.

Medical treatment will be different depending on the type of stain diagnosed; the lentigines or sun spots on skin aging, respond well to laser treatment rather than to the depigmentation cream, while melasma-stain that appears for hormonal disorder-not reacts positively to the laser and thus can only be alleviated with creams or peeling.

In the case of melasma, if the stain is superficial may disappear spontaneously once it does the cause of which is either pregnancy, contraceptive pill intake or use of certain cosmetics.

On the other hand, keloids often do not require treatment but may be reduced in size by corticosteroid injections, external pressure, cryotherapy, laser treatments, radiation and surgical removal, with the dermatologist who establish what the most appropriate procedure .

Bleaching creams or dermoaclarantes

There whitening creams different types of these creams remain the most effective prescription. The most widely used skin lightening hydroquinone is used in concentrations ranging from 2 to 4%, and enhance its effect often associated with tretinoin is indicated or glycolic acid, always taking into account the tolerance of the patient’s skin.

Other medications that are useful are azelaic acid, which also serves to prevent acne blemishes, kojic acid and vitamin C.

Mandelic acid derived from almonds, and phytic acid, derived from the seeds of cereals, are recommended as alternatives for skins sensitive to hydroquinone and other whitening treatments. The chemical peel can be used to help clarify the stains but is recommended only in fair skin and in the context of a program dermoaclarante. The most commonly used are glycolic acid, mandelic, lactic and salicylic acid.

The spots on the skin are one of the main problems of consultation and skin beauty centers, some are the result of sustained exposure to sunlight but other causes are as diverse as hormonal disorders, use of medications or heredity.

Overall, the word stain, from Latin macula, refers to that part of something with a different general or dominant color in it; definition applied to the skin spots include moles, freckles, nevi, hemangiomas, keratoses, bruising, vitiligo, solar lentigines, chloasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

We targeted those who have their origins in exposure to ultraviolet radiation, ie, solar lentigines, chloasma and the inflammatory pigmentation.

Known solar  as senile lentigo spots or senile lentigo, is a flat spot of light yellow, light brown or dark brown, size ranges from 1 to 3 cm with irregular contours and well-defined, usually multiple, grow slowly and tend to coalesce.

Appears in older people, although less because every time they appear in younger people, is caused by sun exposure over many years, usually near the dorsal skin of the hands, forearms, neck and face areas being more unprotected. After cessation of exposure to sunlight can be clarified slightly, however some may persist indefinitely.

There are other two types, simple lentigo that appears in childhood and is unrelated to sun exposure, and, lentigo considered a form of malignant melanoma.

Chloasma

In popular language is called mask of pregnancy because it is a common skin condition during pregnancy, however the chloasma may appear with the use of oral contraceptives such as injections.

Although it is women who suffer from the appearance of melasma in ninety percent of cases, affecting the forehead, cheeks and upper lip, also appears in men’s skin as a result of antibiotic use perfumes or cosmetics.

This form of pigmentation is due to a phototoxic reaction, due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the chemical in the cologne or perfume. In these cases, the pigmentation is more extensive, also observed in the lateral neck and is usually most evident on one side due to sun exposure while driving. Chloasma also seen in healthy people with no no cause, assuming that is the result of discrete hormonal changes.

In all cases, the sun is also involved, because if in the winter months seem to have disappeared, the spots become darker and are again visible during the months of good weather.

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

This  postinflammatory hyperpigmentation type of stain is common in dark skinned people because they have larger melanosomes and with more melanin than white skin, a scar appearing on product from a back injury like a cut or scrape, following surgery, or after certain skin disorders like acne. Pigmentation is usually greater when the area is exposed to sunlight.

Despite that may have the same causes should not be confused with keloids, which consist of an overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of skin injury.